Basing their study on a natural experiment in Switzerland, Jens Hainmueller, Dominik Hangartner, and Giuseppe Pietrantuono show that for the immigrants who faced close referendums, naturalization considerably improved their political integration, including increases in formal political participation, political knowledge, and political efficacy.

Read the summary of the study at PNAS, news coverage at Swissinfo (in French or English), and consult our country profile pages for an overview of current and past citizenship legislation in Switzerland.